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                            Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Amharic: á‹¨áŠ¢á‰µá‹®áŒµá‹« ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን?; transliterated Amharic: Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan) is the predominant Oriental Orthodox Christian Church in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Church was administratively part of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria until 1959, when it was granted its own Patriarch by Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa, Cyril VI. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, being a non-chalcedonian Church, is not in communion with the Ethiopian Catholic Church, a Chalcedonian Church.

One of the few pre-colonial Christian Churches of sub-Saharan Africa, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has a membership of between 40 and 45 million people,[1] the majority of whom live in Ethiopia,[2] and is thus the largest of all Oriental Orthodox Churches. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is a founding member of the World Council of Churches.[3]

​Tewahedo (Ge'ez á‰°á‹‹áˆ•á‹¶) is a Ge'ez word meaning "being made one" or "unified". This word refers to the Oriental Orthodox belief in the one single unified Nature of Christ; i.e., a belief that a complete, natural union of the Divine and Human Natures into One is self-evident in order to accomplish the divine salvation of humankind, as opposed to the "two Natures of Christ" belief (unmixed, but unseparated Divine and Human Natures, called the Hypostatic Union) which is held by the Roman Catholic and Eastern OrthodoxChurches. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia article on the Henotikon,[4] around 500 bishops within the Patriarchates ofAlexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem refused to accept the Dyophysitism (two natures) doctrine decreed by the Council of Chalcedonin 451, thus separating themselves from the main body of the Christian Church (which would later split in the 11th century, for different reasons, into the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches).

The Oriental Orthodox Churches, which today include the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, the Armenian Apostolic Church, theSyriac Orthodox Church, the Malankara Orthodox Church of India, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, are referred to as "Non-Chalcedonian", and, sometimes by outsiders as "monophysite" (meaning "One Single Nature", in reference to Christ). However, these Churches themselves describe their Christology as miaphysite (meaning "One United Nature", in reference to Christ; the translation of the word "Tewahedo").

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